Estate planning isn't just about what happens after you’re gone; it's about protecting your autonomy while you’re here. Many people overlook strategies to avoid restrictive guardianship, which can strip individuals of their decision-making power. By utilizing powers of attorney, you can ensure your wishes are honored if you become incapacitated.
The restrictive nature of a court-appointed guardian acting on behalf of an impaired individual doesn't account for that person's wishes. In a video titled "Alternatives to Guardianship," The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel (ACTEC) highlights essential guardianship alternatives that preserve a person’s autonomy. This article discusses the need for protection as we age, what guardianship is and how powers of attorney (POAs) are alternative estate planning strategies that give individuals more control over decision-making.
Why Do We Need Protection as We Age?
Aging and estate planning go hand-in-hand. Estate plans with strategies that address cognitive decline and incapacity protect you from financial risks, including misuse of assets or unauthorized withdrawals. When it comes to healthcare, individuals must retain control over medical decisions. They may not be honored if you are incapacitated without legally documented healthcare wishes.
What Is Guardianship?
Guardianship involves the legal authority granted to a court-appointed guardian to act and make decisions for a person who is physically or mentally incapable. The guardian oversees the person's health, medical care and property. When an individual is evaluated and deemed incapacitated, a court will assign a guardian.
A guardian's responsibilities include making personal care decisions, overseeing living arrangements and handling their financial affairs. They are required to keep detailed records and check in with the court regularly. However, guardianships are often appointed without considering alternatives, and they strip an individual of all decision-making authority, including where they live, what they eat and whether they will get any medical care. ACTEC notes that guardianship can be hurtful to the family, in addition to being an expensive process.
How Can Powers of Attorney in Estate Planning Avoid Guardianship?
A power of attorney (POA) is a legal document that appoints someone you trust to act on your behalf. Only a durable power of attorney is valid if you are incapacitated. There are different POAs to protect your financial interests and medical wishes.
To prevent financial risks if you are incapacitated, a financial power of attorney names an agent with authority over financial matters, such as accessing bank accounts, paying bills and managing retirement accounts, real estate and investments.
A medical power of attorney is a healthcare or advance directive that allows someone else to make medical decisions based on your wishes. Often called a health care agent, this person follows your medical treatment as outlined in the document.
Key Guardianship Alternatives Takeaways:
- Common Risks as We Age: Financial loss and unwanted medical care.
- Typical Cons of Guardianship: Total loss of autonomy with court-appointed guardians.
- Important Benefits of POAs: More control of your wishes and asset protection.
Conclusion
Elder law and estate planning strategies that protect you as you age should not be synonymous with surrendering autonomy through guardianship. Individuals can confidently navigate this terrain by exploring alternatives that provide some control over financial and medical decisions. Contact our office if you need guidance on how to best guide an aging loved one or if you want to ensure that you protect yourself from needing guardianship in the future.
Reference: The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel (ACTEC) (May 13, 2021) "Alternatives to Guardianship"
